Sum of phase-shifted sinusoids stimulation prolongs paralyzed muscle output

Sum of phase-shifted sinusoids stimulation prolongs paralyzed muscle output

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Abstract Neuroprostheses that activate musculature of click here the lower extremities can enable standing and movement after paralysis.Current systems are functionally limited by rapid muscle fatigue induced by conventional, non-varying stimulus waveforms.Previous work has shown that sum of phase-shifted sinusoids (SOPS) stimulation, which selectively modulates activation of individual motor unit pools (MUPs) to lower the duty cycle of each while maintaining a high net muscle output, improves joint moment maintenance but introduces greater instability over conventional stimulation.In this case study, implementation of SOPS stimulation with a real-time feedback controller successfully decreased joint moment instability and further prolonged joint moment output with increased stimulation efficiency over open-loop approaches in one participant with spinal cord injury.These findings demonstrate the potential for closed-loop SOPS to new belial model improve functionality of neuroprosthetic systems.